The Horizontal Passageway

Section 5.7.1

The horizontal passage is strange in many ways. It starts at the floor of the Grand Gallery, in a special section of the pyramid, I call the section the "Heart of The Pyramid". This section is connected to all other passageways and chambers in the pyramid. Upwards through the Grand Gallery to the "Kings Chamber", downwards to the exit through the ascending passageway or through the Well Shaft to the Grotto, the descending passageway and the Subterranean chamber and to the south through the horizontal passageway leading to the "Queens Chamber". 

Let us see how the special section or cross section looks like, I have chosen a wonderful drawing by Piazzi Smyth published in his book "The Great Pyramid Its Secrets and Mysteries Revealed" published in 1880:

S21.  "The Great Pyramid Its Secrets and Mysteries Revealed" by C. Piazzi Smyth , Plate XIII between pages 226 and 227 after the chapter "Corrigenda". 

The drawing is amazing because it has a "spirit", and the measures seems to be in accordance to my overall Master drawing. Furthermore, it is without any damages of the holes in the wall (the dark fields).

Edgar published a picture of the same section from North to South:

Source: The Great Pyramid Passages And Chambers" Volume 1 by John and Morton Edgar, 1910 , (page 291)

Behind and in front of Edgar you can see the holes in the walls are damaged.

Section 5.7.2

The amount of data for this section is very limited, so I must analyze the above drawing from Piazzi Smyth.
However, from section 5.5.6 we know certain coordinates which are important for the verification of the data which appear from the calculations underneath.

I have added numbers on the drawing of Piazzi at relevant corners: 

S21.  "The Great Pyramid Its Secrets and Mysteries Revealed" by C. Piazzi Smyth , Plate XIII between pages 226 and 227 after the chapter "Corrigenda". (Revised version).

The added yellow line between 1. and 32. indicates the vertical position of where the roof of the horizontal passageway begins.

The height from 1. to 32. is measured by Flinders Petrie: 

Source: (S5 orig-[S40]-P66-L5), table.

My comments:
Roof level 903,8" = 43,83 cubits RM and floor level 857,4" =  41,58 cubits RM

The height of the entrance of the horizontal passageway is 43,83 cubits RM - 41,58 cubits RM = 2,25 cubits RM. (In the Master drawing it is equal to 23 pixels.)

The level of the floor is 2800 pixels - 416 pixels = 2384 pixels, which is the Up-Down coordinate for the floor at this point.
The level of the roof is 2800 pixels - 438 pixels = 2362 pixels, which is the Up-Down coordinate for the roof at this point. The calculated value in the table underneath at the point 32 is 2361 pixels.

The length from the northern wall to the roof of the horizontal passageway to the "Queens Chamber" is measured by Piazzi Smyth:

S.20. Life And Work at The Great Pyramid, during the months of January, February, March and April, A.D. 1865 by C. Piazzi Smyth, Vol. II, page 57 (part of the table).

My comments:
199,4" = 9,67 cubits RM  ( = 97 pixels )

The northern N-S coordinate is 2990.
The N-S coordinate of the roof at the horizontal passageway is 2990 - 97 = 2893.

There are small (acceptable) deviations in the table, which are caused by inaccurate readings or maybe very small drawing errors.  

Fortunately, did Piazzi Smyth add a scale 0 - 100 British inches. This gives me an oppotunity to find the factor between the inches and the pixels in the drawing tool:

100 inches / 171 pixels = 0,5848

The factor between the British inch and the cubit is 1/20,62

0,5848 / 20,62 = 0,02836

Section 5.7.3

In this overview I have chosen to insert fixed reference points marked grey from the Master drawing. The references are mentioned on the right side of the table.
There are few minor deviations, I have marked these grey as well. The deviations are probably caused by a bad reprint, drawing error or a reading error.

The light blue marked coordinates are readings from the Master drawing.
 

The holes in the opposite wall have the same coordinates.

Calculation method:


The dimensions of the holes in cubits are:

Source: S21, The Great Pyramid Its Secrets and Mysteries Revealed, Plate XIII between pages 226 and 227 after the chapter "Corrigenda". (Revised version).

Calculation method:

Example (from pos. 10 to pos. 9) :


For nerds I have issued an overview of the above mentioned hole dimensions with conversions. Maybe somebody can find a structure:

Section 5.7.4

The depths of the holes into the walls are a bit trickier as I have no measuring data. but I have a poor drawing by Piazzi Smyth in a low quality as it is a reprint. From this drawing it is possible to extract data and calculate the depths in cubits more or less accurate. Still, it gives us an idea of the overall picture.   

Underneath is the mentioned drawing:

Source:  S.22. Life And Work at The Great Pyramid, during the months of January, February, March and April, A.D. 1865 by C. Piazzi Smyth, 3 volumes, Edinburgh, Edmonston And Douglas 1867. Plate 6, P166 in volume 1.
The corners of the holes and some reference points are marked here:

Source: S.22. Life And Work at The Great Pyramid, during the months of January, February, March and April, A.D. 1865 by C. Piazzi Smyth, 3 volumes, Edinburgh, Edmonston And Douglas 1867. Plate 6, P166 in volume 1. (Revised version)

Position number 1, 2, 23, 24, 25 and 26 are known reference points.

From section 5.5.10 and 5.5.20 we know the E-W coordinates of the positions (on the western side) 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, and 22 : 2071 
From section 5.5.10 and 5.5.20 we know the E-W coordinates of the positions (on the eastern side) 27, 30, 31, 34, 35, 38, 39, 42, 43 and 46 : 2051

First of all we need to convert the scale in British Inches to cubits.

The scale is from -100 inches to +200 inches which gives a span of 300 inches. In the Microsoft Paint the span is 171 pixels.

300 inches / 869 pixels = 0,3452

The factor between the Brithish inch and the cubit is 1/20,62

0,3452 / 20,62 = 0,01674

The horizontal dimensions and coordinates in E-W and N-S directions are: 

The coordinates marked blue are readings from the MASTER drawing. If there are any minor diversions, then I choose the coordinates from the MASTER drawing in the blue cells. The grey marked coordinates are reference points as described above.

Calculation method:

Here is in an overview of the depths of the holes:

Source: S.22. Life And Work at The Great Pyramid, during the months of January, February, March and April, A.D. 1865 by C. Piazzi Smyth, 3 volumes, Edinburgh, Edmonston And Douglas 1867. Plate 6, P166 in volume 1. (Revised version).

It is surprising to see the depths of the mirrored holes in the eastern and western walls are not the same.

Section 5.7.5

The wooden bridge theory:

The functionality of the holes is unknown. 

However, the holes opposite to each other have the same N-S  Up-Down dimensions, which indicates they are connected to each other. If the depth of one hole in one of the walls is short, then the opposite hole in the other wall is long. The reason could be a wooden beam was inserted in the long hole, then the other end of the wooden beam could have been inserted in the opposite short hole to make a wooden bridge across the passageway from the eastern ramp-bench to the western ramp-bench. 
It is also possible wooden planks have been mounted on the wooden beams to connect the floor of ramp starting from positions 24 and 24, ending at the end of the ascending passageway at the point 1 and 2.

I have tried to add the wooden beams in the drawing of Smyth, just to give an impression of how the holes were used. Unfortunately, I have no evidence, it is only a plausible theory. Of course I have no dimensions of the wooden beams, but theoretically they should fit inside the holes and not be too long because of the mounting. 

In the drawing I have chosen a length of the wooden beams of 2,5 cubits. As there are 2 cubits RM from wall to wall, then the wooden beams are inserted by :
(2,5 cubits - 2 cubits RM)/2 = 0,25 cubits or 7 fingers in each hole, which ought to be sufficient.

Source: S.22. Life And Work at The Great Pyramid, during the months of January, February, March and April, A.D. 1865 by C. Piazzi Smyth, 3 volumes, Edinburgh, Edmonston And Douglas 1867. Plate 6, P166 in volume 1. (Revised version - top view).

I have tried to add wooden planks in Edgar´s drawing:

Source: The Great Pyramid Passages And Chambers" Volume 1 by John and Morton Edgar, 1910 (page 64) (Revised version)

If we zoom in:

Source: The Great Pyramid Passages And Chambers" Volume 1 by John and Morton Edgar, 1910 (page 64) (Revised version)

The wooden plank structure into the drawing of Piazzi Smyth: 

Source: S21, The Great Pyramid Its Secrets and Mysteries Revealed, Plate XIII between pages 226 and 227 after the chapter "Corrigenda". (Revised version).

We zoom in a bit:

Source: S21, The Great Pyramid Its Secrets and Mysteries Revealed, Plate XIII between pages 226 and 227 after the chapter "Corrigenda". (Revised version).

We may assume the upper part of the planks follow the floor line of the ramp. The lower part of the planks hit the holes. in the table underneath in section 5.7.6 you can read exactly where they hit.

Section 5.7.6

In section 5.6.5 I showed this drawing:

Pos. 2 has the coordinate 2979;2381 ( = POS. 14 in the revised drawing )
Pos. 5 has the coordinate (2979 - 3 ; 2384) = 2976;2384 ( = POS. 13 in the revised drawing )

These two positions are reference positions in the table underneath.

Calculation method:

The scale is the same as used in section 5.7.2

The upper length of the planks from position 1 to 14 is:

The lower length of the planks from position 2 to 13 is:

From pos. 1 and pos. 2 in the above table we can calculate following:

The vertical height of the planks are: (319 - 306) x 0,02836 = 0,37 cubits ( in the table above it is rounded up to 0,4 cubits ) ( = 19,4 cms).

The thickness of the planks are: (319 - 306) x 0,02836 x SIN (90° - 26,2139°) = 0,33 cubits ( = 17,3 cms) 

The same table, but with two digits in the "Lengths in cubits" marked yellow:

Section 5.7.7